ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Acute ischemia reperfusion [IR] injury observed in the lower extremities occurs especially when a temporary cross-clamp is applied to the abdominal aorta during aortic surgery. Preoperative pregabalin has been used as a part of multimodal analgesia in postoperative pain treatment in recent years. Pregabalin has become one of the increasingly common agents in postoperative analgesia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of pregabalin on erythrocyte deformability in rats undergoing IR
Methodology: 24 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 200-250 g were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each [Control, Ischemia- Reperfusion [IR], IR-Pregabalin 50 mg [50 mg/kg], IR-Pregabalin 200 mg [200 mg/ kg]. Pregabalin was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the procedure. An atraumatic microvascular clamp was placed across the infrarenal abdominal aorta in the IR groups. Following 120 min of ischemia, the clamp was removed and reperfusion was continued for 120 min. All rats were euthanized by intraperitoneal administration of ketamine [100 mg/kg] and taking blood from the abdominal aorta. Erythrocytes were seperated from heparinized whole blood samples. Deformability measurements were made in erythrocyte suspensions in phosphate buffered saline. A constant flow filtrometer system was used to measure erythrocyte deformability and relative resistance was calculated
Results: It was found that the formation of ischemia reperfusion increases the relative resistance according to the control group [p < 0.0001]. It was determined that application of pregabalin 50 or 200 mg did not change erythrocyte deformability in ischemia reperfusion-induced rats [p = 0.632, p = 0.811]
Conclusion: The administration of 50 or 200 mg of pregabalin has no negative effect on the erythrocyte deformability in ischemia reperfusion-induced rats. We think that pregabalin can be safely used for analgesia in the cases of IR. However, these findings should be supported by clinical and experimental studies carried out in more detailed and broader series
ABSTRACT
Background: Reperfusion following ischemia can lead to more injuries than ischemia itself especially in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury [IRI] in rats with have hepatic IRI and diabetes mellitus
Methodology: Twenty-eight Wistar Albino rats were randomised into four groups as control [C], diabetic [DC], diabetic with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury [DIR], and diabetic but administered dexmedetomidine followed by hepatic IRI [DIRD] groups. Hepatic tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically by semiquantitative methods. Malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathion s-transpherase [GST], and catalase [CAT] enzyme levels were investigated in liver and kidney tissues as oxidative state parameters
Results: In Group DIR; hepatocyte degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, pycnotic nucleus, and necrotic cells were found to be more in rat hepatic tissue; while mononuclear cell infiltration was higher in the parenchyme. MDA levels were significantly lower; but SOD levels were significantly higher in Group DIRD with regard to Group DIR. In the IRI induced diabetic rats' hepatic and nephrotic tissues MDA levels, showing oxidative injury, were found to be lower. SOD levels, showing early antioxidant activity, were higher
Conclusion: The enzymatic findings of our study together with the hepatic histopathology indicate that dexmedetomidine has a potential role to decrease IRI?
ABSTRACT
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] is a well-known entity following surgical procedures and may result in serious complications include aspiration of gastric contents, prolonged recovery period, impaired surgical wound healing. Laparoscopic surgery alone is a known risk factor for PONV and different treatment options with various agents are preferred for PONV prophylaxis and treatment
Aim: We aimed to review advantages and disadvantages of various drugs and combination regimens for prophylaxis and treatment of PONV after different types of laparoscopic procedures
Methodology: We made a comprehensive PubMed search using search terms PONV, laparoscopic surgery, prophylaxis, treatment, drug, without considering publication time period
Findings: Relatively traditional anti-emetics, including anticholinergics, antihistamines and phenothiazines, have more prominent side effect profiles. Using different receptor antagonists [serotonin 5-HT3, neurokinin, dopamine receptor antagonists] especially when combined with agents of same group or from various different groups, e.g. dexamethasone - a strong corticosteroid, naloxone - an opioid receptor antagonist, or propofol - an intravenous anesthetic and hypnotic, effective anti-emesis can be achieved
Conclusion: Combinations of antiemetic agents of different groups is more effective in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
ABSTRACT
Background: Dental treatment procedures in childhood may trigger high levels of anxiety and fear. In these circumstances sedation protocols with different agents serve acceptable, safe and effective treatment environments. We aimed to investigate the better and safer sedation regimen being used in our institution
Methodology: We retrospectively investigated medical and anesthesia reports of 553 children, who underwent dental treatments with different anesthetic agents. Total anesthesia time, intraoperative vital signs [heart rates, peripheral oxygen saturation and arterial blood pressure], perioperative complications including tachycardia, bradycardia, hypo/ hypertension, respiratory depression, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, agitation and/or hallucinations were recorded. The results were analyzed by SPSS [version 20.0] using independent T-test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Pearson Chi-square tests as appropriated. Data are expressed as mean + standard deviation or median [25%-75%], [minimum-maximum], or as n [%]
Results: The shortest anesthesia time was recorded with sevoflurane anesthesia while longest was recorded in ketamine IM + ketamine IV + midazolam IM + midazolam IV group [18.88 +/- 9.45 versus 58.57 +/- 17.73 minutes]. There was no recorded side effect in 405 [73.2%] procedures while tachycardia in 114 [20.6%], hypotension or hypertension in 9 [1.6%], respiratory depression in 6 [1.15] patients and bradycardia in 5 [0.9%] patients were recorded. 4 patients [0.7%] were suffered from bronchospasm. Tachycardia was most common in ketamine IM + ketamine IV administered group [n=26, 22.8%]. In contrast there was no recorded tachycardia in patients sevoflurane alone or propofol alone groups [0 patient in both groups]. Postoperative nausea and vomiting rates were lowest in ketofol procedures. Postoperative agitation and hallucination rates were higher in ketofol bolus + ketofol infusion procedure [12.7%]
Conclusion: Sedation with different anesthetics either alone or combined during pediatric dentistry can be accepted as safe and comfortable for both patients and healthcare professionals. We suggest that less complication rates with ketofol regimens noted in this study needs to be investigated in more strongly designed future studies
ABSTRACT
Objective: Unintentional dural puncture with an epidural needle is common and indisputably one of the most important complications of epidural anesthesia. When no regression of the complaints are observed after conservative treatment, epidural blood patch [EBP] should be planned for the treatment of patients. However, EBP is not the optimal choise because the success rate is low and the risk of potential serious complications is high. Ankaferd Blood Stopper® [ABS], which is a medicinal plant extract, has been used as a antihemorrhagic agent against various types of bleeding. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ABS administration, on fibrin formation and cerebro-spinal fluid [CSF] leakage after dural puncture in a rat model
Methodology: The study was performed at Gazi University Experimental Research Center, Ankara, Turkey between May and July 2013. Eighteen rats were grouped randomly as control [Group C, n=6], dural punctured [Group DPC, n=6] and ABS application after dural puncture at the level of L4-L5 [Group A, n=6]. Methylene blue was applied to the cervical level of the rat spine, in order to observe leakage from dural puncture in Group DPC, and Group A. Medulla spinalis tissues of the rats were evaluated histopathologically
Results: CSF leakage was obtained in all rats in Group DPC [100%] that were dural punctured with spinal needle and given methylene blue. However, in the group of rats that ABS was performed before methylene blue [Group A] application, CSF leakage could be obtained in only half of the rats [50%], and in none of the rats in Group C. CSF leakage ratio in Group DPC was 100% and significantly higher than that in Group C [X[2]=5.178, p=0.002]. Following Ankaferd administration, CSF leakage was identified in only 50% of rats in group A and this result was similar with achieved result in Group C [X[2]=1.778, p=0.182]
Conclusion: We opine that Ankaferd Blood Stopper® [ABS] is effective in preventing CSF leakage after post dural puncture and does not cause necrosis in rat medulla spinalis tissues
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the renal sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase [Na+/K+ATPase] activity, kidney morphology, and the probable protective effects of 2 different anesthetic agents used during pneumoperitoneum [PP]. The study was performed at Gazi University Experimental Research Center, Ankara, Turkey between January and July 2009. Twenty-four Wistar albino male rats weighing 320-380 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups after receiving ethics committee approval. All rats were cannulated, intubated, and ventilated under ketamine anesthesia. No further surgical intervention was performed for group I. An intraabdominal pressure [IAP] of 10 mm Hg was created by CO[2] insufflation in 18 animals for one hour. The animals in group II received no further anesthetic agents, while the animals in groups III and IV received propofol and sevoflurane. At the end of the protocol, all animals underwent left nephrectomy without sacrificing. Urine was collected from each animal for the following 24 hour for the evaluation of urine creatinine and protein. The activity of renal Na+/K+ATPase was significantly lower in groups II [p=0.014], III [p=0.019], and IV [p=0.032] compared to group I. The pathological score was significantly higher in groups II [p=0.017], III [p=0.028], and IV [p=0.039] compared to group I. No statistically significant difference was found among groups II, III, and IV in terms of Na+/K+ATPase activity and pathological scores. Elevated IAP is related with impaired kidney functions and morphology, and the so-called renoprotective agents neither improved, nor worsened PP-related renal impairment
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To determine predictive fatality criteria based on clinical and laboratory findings on admission to hospital in patients diagnosed with pandemic influenza A [H1N1] virus infection. The study was conducted at the School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for hospitalized cases with a diagnosis of A [H1N1] virus infection between October 2009 and May 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: fatal [group I] and non-fatal [group II]. The 2 group's demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared on admission. Ten [20%] of the 50 patients included in the study died. The average age of group I was significantly higher than that of the group II. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of underlying chronic diseases and pregnancy. Fever, phlegm, shortness of breath, tachypnea, cyanosis were observed at significantly higher levels in group I compared to group II. Serum hemoglobin, glucose, albumin levels, arterial oxygen saturation were significantly lower in group I compared to group II; aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, blood urea nitrogen levels, time between onset of symptoms and commencement of antiviral treatment were all significantly higher in group I. This study shows that in addition to demographic characteristics and clinical findings, prognosis of patients with A [H1N1] virus infection can be determined beforehand with various laboratory tests. But these parameters, which can guide the clinician in the prior identification of potentially fatal A [H1N1] cases will contribute to the provision of supporting treatment and, when necessary, intensive care services for such patients
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on bone mineral density [BMD] and oxidative state in rats, and the alterations in these effects that vitamin C supplementation may produce. Twenty female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: control [C, n=6]; ovariectomy [O, n=7]; and ovariectomy+vitamin C supplement [OV, n=7]. Oxidative stress [OS] was assessed 100 days postovariectomy by measuring the activity of several enzymes, including catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the concentrations of malondialdehyde [MDA], nitric oxide [NO], and total sulfhydryl groups in plasma and bone homogenates. A significant decrease in BMD was observed in O group compared with C group [p=0.015], and a significant increase was observed in OV compared with O group [p=0.003]. When groups were compared with respect to parameters of OS, MDA and NO levels in bone tissue were significantly higher in O than in C [p=0.032, p=0.022] and were significantly lower in OV than in O [p=0.025, p=0.018]. SOD activity was significantly higher in O than in C [p=0.032]. In plasma, MDA activity was significantly higher in O than in C [p=0.022] and NO level was significantly higher in O than in C and OV [p=0.017, p=0.018]. Our results suggest that ovariectomy may produce osteoporosis and OS in females, and vitamin C supplementation may provide alterations regarding improvement in OS and BMD values. We assume that studies including more subjects are needed to make a decisive conclusion about OS-BMD relation
Subject(s)
Female , Animals, Laboratory , Ascorbic Acid , Oxidative Stress , Bone Density , Rats, Wistar , Catalase , Superoxide Dismutase , Glutathione Peroxidase , Malondialdehyde , Nitric Oxide , Sulfhydryl Compounds , OsteoporosisABSTRACT
To compare the administration of sub hypnotic dose of propofol with metoclopramide and placebo in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] after middle ear surgery. This clinical research was performed in the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey, between December 2004 and October 2005. Following approval by the hospital ethics committee, 60 adult patients scheduled for a middle ear operation were randomly assigned into 3 groups. The patients in group P received 0.5 mg.kg-1 propofol; in group M, 0.2 mg.kg-1 metoclopramide, and in group C, 0.9% saline solution. The number of patients suffering from nausea and vomiting at 0-4, 4-12, and 12-24 hours postoperatively, and additional use of antiemetics was recorded. Comparisons of the data showed that at 0-4th hours, the incidence of vomiting was 25% in group P, 40% in group M, and 75% in group C. The incidence rate of group P was significantly lower than that of group C [p=0.002], and the rate of antiemetics use in group C was higher than that in group P [p=0.028]. The Nausea Vomiting Scale scores of group C were also significantly higher than those of group P [p=0.005]. There were no significant differences between the values at 4-12 and 12-24 hours. The administration of a sub hypnotic dose of propofol at the end of surgery was found to be at least as effective as metoclopramide in preventing PONV in the early postoperative period in adult patients undergoing middle ear surgery
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Ear, Middle/surgery , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
To determine the effect of intraperitoneal [ip] nicotine on the recovery of rats receiving general anesthesia compared with placebo. The placebo controlled experimental study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Turkey, between April and May 2005. Twenty-one male and 21 female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group C [n=14], comprising a female group CF [n=7], and male group CM [n=7] received ip 0.9% sodium chloride [NaCl], group P [n=14], comprising a female group PF [n=7], and male group PM [n=7] received ip propofol 150 mg/kg, and group NP [n=14], comprising a female group NPF [n=7], and male group NPM [n=7] received 0.4 mg/kg ip nicotine followed by 150 mg/kg propofol after 15 minutes. For the evaluation of recovery period, tail pinch test was used, and for cognitive performance, the radial arm maze test was used. The number of entrances and exits decreased in group P significantly compared to group C [p<0.05], and the decrease in group PF was higher than it was in group PM. Entrance and exit in group NP increased significantly compared to group P [p<0.05]. The increase in entrance and exit in group NPF was much higher compared to group NPM. The recovery period in group NP was significantly shorter than in group P [p<0.05]. The ip administration of nicotine in rats shortens the recovery from propofol anesthesia and improves cognitive performance
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals, Laboratory , Rats, Wistar , Placebos , Anesthesia, General , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Anesthesia Recovery Period , PropofolABSTRACT
In the present study, subclinical lesion involvement was investigated using the P50 component in Behcet's patients without neurological manifestation. We performed this clinical research in Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine between December 2000 and November 2001. The studies were carried out on 18 Behcet's patients without neurologic findings and 18 volunteers for control. Standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in plastic cups were used for monopolar EEG derivations. They were attached with electrode paste and tape at the Cz [vertex] according to the 10-20 system. The auditory stimuli were delivered in pairs. The P50 waves, which may be taken from approximately 50 msec from the stimuli, were collected by computer system. Amplitudes and latencies of the P50 components were measured in the same system. This study showed that the suppression of P50 responses performed by the test stimuli, was significantly more decreased in Behcet's patients than the control subjects. The decrease of the suppression of the auditory P50 response to repeated stimuli reflects a deficit in the central nervous system's ability, such as attention, cognition, and sensory input in Behcet's patients and can be used as a neurophysiological marker in subclinical lesions in these patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Electroencephalography , Auditory Perception , Neurologic ManifestationsABSTRACT
This study is aimed at investigating if donepezil [DO], which is used in Alzheimer disease, has also an anxiolytic activity or not in the staircase test in mice.To carry out this investigation, male and female mice weighing 20-34 g, were divided in groups of ten. DO was investigated at following doses: 5 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day, administered PO only once for 4 days and 60 minutes before the test on the 5th day. The effects of acute administrations were also investigated when DO [5 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day] was administered only once, 60 minutes before the test, to animals which had previously received the same number of administrations of distilled water. Diazepam [2 mg/kg PO], which is administered acutely in the same conditions, was used as a reference compound. The animals in the control group received distilled water at each administration. The behavioural parameter measured was the number of steps climbed during a 3-minute test. Following the measurements, the results obtained were compared statistically. In male mice the number of steps climbed were increased by DO administration, but significant differences were shown at only high doses of DO administration. There are no significant differences in the number of steps climbed by female mice. Our results showed that DO might also have an anxiolytic activity at high doses